Simsoc Reflection - 608 Words

SIMSOC Reflection The SIMSOC program allowed our class to create not only small individual societies, but also one large society together in which every decision had an outcome that must be addressed in order to thrive. Such dynamics of a real society were put in place to ultimately show us how various social situations can have power us. Specific situations were set up before hand without us knowing and we unconsciously and impulsively conformed to certain roles and conditions. I personally started out unemployed and broke with nothing, however I was in the yellow group and we had multiple heads of organizations, which helped us as a group substantially in almost every aspect. We did not find out until the end that it was†¦show more content†¦This sort of â€Å"division† of the groups led to an in-group and out-group bias with altered group cohesion. The red group may have seen us [yellow group] as weak and green dominant after the green group made a large arrest my group and mad e it appear as though we were essentially irrelevant. It is actually funny that this happened, and also displayed fundamental attribution error of our group, because just before the arrest we were talking about arresting one of the other groups and thinking it would be so great and then when it actually happened to us we became sour, offended, and sought revenge against the green group. Another psychological aspect that was substantially present within the simulation was the social exchange theory. This theory essentially epitomized our SIMSOC in that most social consequences and standings came about through negotiations and dealings between our groups. Virtually every exchange between groups that I witnessed involved a cost-benefit analysis from both parties as they also compared alternatives to seek the most beneficial outcome. This posed the question of â€Å"what is fair?† and again brought up the norm of reciprocity from the groups receiving propositions from others . The experience of SIMSOC allows the participants get a taste of a real society and see how social factors can so easily influence our actions and motives.

Essay about The Importance of Aggression in Animal Existence

The Importance of Aggression in Animal Existence Aggression is a critical part of animal existence, which is an inherent driving force to humans, as we, too, are animals. The source of aggression within humans is a long summative list, but before trying to understand its source one must apply a working definition of aggression. Aggressive behavior is defined by Encyclopedia Britannica as any action of an animal that serves to injure an opponent or prey animal or to cause an opponent to retreat. (7) David G. Myers states that aggression is any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.(9) There are many types of aggressive behaviors, which can be differentiated from the factual act to the hidden motives. For example, an†¦show more content†¦2. The behavior is taking place within an interpersonal situation which is characterized by an accumulated distress or a opposition. 3. The aggressor intends by the behavior in question to gain a greater advantage than the person on the other side of the aggression. 4. The aggressor carrying out the behavior has either provoked the situation or moved the conflict unto a higher degree of strength.(11) Aggression has numerous reasons and consequences both must be analyzed in order to see from whence it arises. An explicit example of the strength of both nature and nurture concerning aggression is the life of Kody Scott, a young gang member of California. He was already a gang member in middle school, and would not have been had the gang not already been in place when he graduated from elementary school – thus environment’s role in aggressive behavior, but one fateful day when he stole a car to get to the hospital for the birth of his first child, he intentionally detoured through the neighborhood of a rival gang and killed a rival gang member. The detour he deliberately took was a conscious decision and not provoked by the environment – hence nature’s toll on his aggressive act.(3) Aggression is usually associated with negative aspects of the world.(3) This is not necessarily true, though. Negativity is but half of the nature of aggression. Aggression can have very positive results. For example, a non-aggressive hockey player gets thrown around and willShow MoreRelatedAre Humans by Nature Aggressive? Essays1481 Words   |  6 Pagesearly twentieth century, aggression is the primary concern of the XXI century. Aggression has been studied a lot especially in terms of social significance. Most contradictory discussions about human aggression were focused on the innate-acquired main report. Some theories emphasize that aggression is fixed within our genetic code, while others sustain that factors such as education, environment, life experiences leave a mark on our behaviour, sometimes leading to aggression. Anderson and BushmanRead MoreAggression Is A Common Term And A Key Concept1766 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Aggression† is a common term and a key concept when it comes to the study of human behaviour. Aggression is different from anger. It is with no doubt that everyone will have experienced anger at some point in their lifetime and this anger may have been channelled into various forms including violence. The level of violence is variable and can even at times lead to murder. There is a close relationship between aggression and anger; however aggression is different from anger. It can be describedRead MoreUnderstanding The Dynamics Of Emotion, Compassion, Cognition,1119 Words   |  5 Pagesemotion, compassion, cognition, morality, culture, character, aggression and violence, will reveal the motivations for all character types, their role in stories, and overall their contributions to forwarding the storytellers message. 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If the biological explanation is correct then it would prove that violence is indeed a part of our nature and not simply a reactionRead MoreDid humans cause the mass extinction of megafauna during the Late Pleistocene period?1601 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of question for archeological research: Introduction Its hard to say that humans havent had an impact on their environment. Climate change, for example, has been a hot issue in the developed world ever since evidence proving the existence of human-caused global warming was unleashed leading to an onslaught of theories regarding its potential effect on our future. But what impact did humans have thousands of years ago when they were first colonizing North America? The question

Water Purification In The Coming Decades Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

This article was written by six academicians related to a work for The Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems ( NSF STC WaterCAMPWS, University of Illinois, USA ) . They are working for assorted sections which are suited for this research at different universities. The WaterCAMPWS plants for new engineerings for H2O intervention. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Purification In The Coming Decades Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now ( 1 ) This article focuses on recent engineering for disinfection, decontamination, re-use and desalinization methods to better H2O quality. It describes the importance of H2O and H2O jobs, moreover it gives information about the H2O intervention systems utilizing today and will be used in the hereafter. It besides makes comparings to place the advantages and the disadvantages of H2O intervention systems. It is suited for anyone who wants to be informed about H2O purification techniques. A individual who has the proficient substructure about H2O and H2O intervention can understand more easy this article. While reading sometimes troubles may be encountered to understand this article but in general linguistic communication of the article was clear. At the first portion of the article writers mention the importance of the H2O, pollutants H2O job and new H2O intervention engineerings. Water job is explained clearly by utilizing singular Numberss but they do non give the day of the month and beginnings about Numberss. In add-on to the state of affairs at the article, developed and developing states are provided the illustrations of the H2O state of affairss to do the H2O job more apprehensible. Water is needed for populating beings to last and there is life on the Earth thanks to H2O. ( 2 ) Harmonizing to the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) H2O may incorporate bacteriums, suspended atoms, parasites, viruses, organic chemicals, heavy metals and dissolvers above the allowed sum for illustration, Escherichia coli and arsenic degree bound is should be less than 10 A ; Icirc ; ?g/l ( WHO report, 2008 ) ( 2-3 ) The riddance of unwanted stuffs, chemicals, contaminations, drosss, microorganism is called H2O purification which is a cleansing procedure. ( 4 ) Clean H2O demand is lifting twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours because of increasing in population, H2O deficit and users competition. ( 5 ) If people accessed clean drinkable H2O easy, it would be a wholly positive consequence on wellness. Unfortunately, WHO report in 2007 shows that 1.1 billion people can non make the clean H2O and 1.8 million people die desiccation from diarrheal because of safe H2O job each twelvemont h. Hearth jobs, encephalon stokes, HIV/AIDS, acute respiratory diseases, chronic lung diseases are some wellness jobs which are caused by diarrheal. ( 3 ) The recent H2O intervention activities are non safe, sustainable and sufficient plenty but they can be develop such as energy efficient systems, renewable purification. ( 2 ) New coevals H2O intervention systems, which are based on such as disinfection, flocculation, deposit and decontamination engineerings, should be developed to take bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens more efficaciously. ( 9 ) At the beginning of 4000 B.C. people tried to do imbibing H2O better in gustatory sensation and odor. Some intervention methods were developed such as sand filtration, disinfection by sunshine and boiling after 1500 B.C. ( 9 ) At 1600 A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s desalinization experiments began and around 1800 A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s the first H2O purification works was built in Scotland. During the twentieth century, people focused on imbibing H2O quality particularly taking the pathogens. In 1914 The U.S. Public Health Service prepared criterions about imbibing H2O and which were revised by the Public Health Service in 1925, 1946 and 1962. ( 9-3 ) Disinfection is the procedure of the deactivating or destroying of infective micro-organisms present in H2O. ( 10 ) In the paper, extended information about disinfection methods and the comparing between germicides were written. Writers give information about how the disinfection processes can command the viruses but I think this is unneeded item about the topic. Using sunshine ( solar ) was the first application of disinfection. ( 10 ) The most common disinfection methods are free Cl and Cl related chemicals because of cost and easy handiness, they eliminate the life stuffs by oxidization of cell wall compounds. Free Cl ( Cl2 ) is so effectual method but Cl is a really unsafe chemical and it produces toxic disinfection byproduct DBPs for illustration trihalomethanes. ( 11 ) The method of utilizing solid Ca hypochlorite ( Ca ( ClO ) 2.4H2O – 65 % Cl ) as a germicide has a batch of restrictions such as corrosion and gustatory sensation jobs. Another germicide is sodium hypochlo rite ( NaClO ) solution ( 5-15 % Cl ) which can non be stored easy. ( 11 ) Viruss, barm, spores, bacteriums, and casts can be killed by ozone disinfection method. Ozonation method is more effectual than Cl method and it does non bring forth any danger byproducts. ( 10 ) There are some disadvantages of this method for illustration, it is non easy engineering, low doses are non plenty to kill pathogens and it is dearly-won. ( 11 ) Ultraviolet visible radiation ( UV ) can be used for demobilizing pathogens by photochemical reactions in the RNA and DNA which is the consequence of light soaking up. ( 10 ) It is efficaciously and for this method the contact clip is short, there are non toxic or non-toxic byproducts but it can non utilize H2O which includes suspended stuff. The new method is use Cl with UV and ozone which is really effectual method to extinguish bacteriums, protozoa cysts and some critical pathogens. The solar photocatalysis disinfection which means violent death of pathog ens by utilizing the photocatalysis of TiO2 is the future method for H2O disinfection. ( 12 ) The usage of nanoscale scientific discipline in the H2O intervention systems, which includes nanocatalysts, nanostructure membranes, bioactive nanoparticles, nanoparticles filtration, nanosorbants, is the futuristic disinfection method. Nanoparticles which have big surface countries will be the best stuffs for H2O purification systems in the close term. Today, the major challenges of nanomaterials are the integrating of H2O purification procedure, cost effectual and design jobs. ( 5 ) In the article another method is described called, the H2O decontamination which is the procedure of extinguishing the harmful substances ( chemicals, beings, heavy metals, radioactive stuffs ) from the H2O. In this subdivision of article, writers try to explicate some jobs about mensurating and sensing of compounds concentrations, modeling, and redress schemes. Rearward osmosis, man-made rosins, activated C, sand filtration are the some methods to take contaminations from the H2O. ( 13 ) The best intervention method which supplies the most purified H2O is non clear. The finding of contaminant type and concentration are every bit of import as the decontamination engineering. The advanced research lab engineering is necessary for mensurating of low concentration of toxic compound for illustration Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophometery and UV-Spectrophometry can be used to analyze arsenic. ( 13 ) Chromatography and mass spectrometry which have the drawbacks such as cost, sensitiveness and efficient ; are the old but the most common engineerings. Catalytic Deoxyribonucleic acid is the recent system for proving heavy metals in the H2O and the traditional methods for this are X-Ray Fluorescence, some chemical trials and Inductively Coupled Plasma. ( 13 ) The biosensoring engineering is defined as the usage nanoscale or microscale biological detectors to observe contaminations with high sensitiveness. The technological development about biosensors is necessary to find the toxicity of H2O intervention procedure. ( 14 ) Highly treated H2O can be called rescued H2O which is the low cost option of drinkable H2O. If we consider the sum of consumed H2O per twenty-four hours, remained H2O on the Earth and the growing of population, the reuse of rescued H2O is perfectly necessary. Some of the utilizations of rescued H2O are irrigation, industrial activities and groundwater recharge. ( 15 ) Since historical times wastewater has been used but it became attractive two or three decennaries ago. ( 16 ) There are several methods for rescued H2O, such as chlorination, filtration and biological systems which have been used since early 1800s. ( 15 ) Authors give information about some recent methods such as membrane bioreactors and filtration. For the biological intervention ultrafiltration and microfiltration engineerings have been understood to supply high quality purified H2O. ( 17 ) Today activated sludge procedure, which is another biological intervention method, are designed for high public presentation. ( 1 8 ) The membrane bioreactor ( MBR ) method is comparatively new intervention engineering which is based on liquid-solid separation and its applications are going acceptable twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours for little graduated table with high quality of H2O. ( 17-18 ) Membrane bioreactor procedure has some advantages compared to the activated sludge procedure such as more compact reactor, smaller footmark for high concentration, higher assorted spirits suspended solids concentration ( for MBR procedure mean concentration 8-12 g/l ) . The most of import drawback of MBR method is some footings such as flow issues should be developed. ( 18 ) The cleansing of membrane and dynamic effects such as aeration loss, saline invasion and backflush loss are the two parametric quantities which affects the public presentation of MBR engineering. The betterments about stuff features, lasting fouling, cost and membrane cleansing procedure should be done for this procedure. The mean one-year gr owing rate 10.9 % is estimated for the planetary MBR market. ( 19 ) Reverse osmosis ( RO ) is a liquid membrane method which removes dissolved stuffs. The combination of MBR and RO is extremely efficient which provides 67 % H2O recycling at the lowest cost. ( 20 ) Desalination is a method that separates the salt from H2O. The oldest procedure to take salt from H2O is boiling. Thermal distillment method and natural the hydrologic rhythm work same manner and in the early 1900s, membrane system was developed. There are three types of thermic methods viz. ; multi-stage flash distillment, multi-effect distillment and vapour compaction distillment. ( 21 ) The advantages of desalinization by distillment are low operating and care cost, minimum environmental consequence and the extremely purified H2O production, the disadvantages are high degree cognition and big capacity workss. ( 22 ) Electrodialysis, Electrodialysis reversal and change by reversal osmosis are the three chief membrane procedures for desalinization. ( 21 ) Simple systematic construction, taking organic and inorganic contaminations and high production/capacity ratio are the advantages on the other manus the necessity of pre-treatment measure, the trouble of cleaning membrane and decre asing in flow rate are the drawbacks of membrane procedures. ( 22 ) Entire figure of desalinization works is about 1400 ( 80 % Membrane desalinization, 20 % Thermal desalinization ) . Rearward osmosis desalinization procedure includes four parts ; pre-treatment, hard-hitting pumps, membrane systems and post-treatment. ( 21 ) Hybrid desalinization method can be defined as the comparing of thermic and membrane desalinization procedure which generates power. The advantages of this procedure are utilizing less energy, low cost of building and high works efficiency. Nowadays the RO and simple intercrossed multistage flash constellation are really popular. The advantages of incorporate systems are good thermic efficiency and high quality purified H2O. ( 23 ) The Low-cost Desalination Collaboration procedure is freshly design of rearward osmosis procedure which demonstrates the H2O with a good design. ( 21 ) Carbon nanotubes have the specific electrical, chemical and mechanical characteris tics. In the hereafter, nanotubes will let us to desalt cheaply but there are some challenges, we have to confront about this method like capital cost and hard mechanism. Carbon nanotubes, Biomimetic membranes and forward osmosis are following coevals systems for desalinization. ( 8-21 ) In this subdivision of the article the figure about contrary osmosis and activate desalinization ( figure 5 ) makes apprehensible the procedures. The information in the book related to entropy and energy computation is the high-ranking information about the topic. This article contains extended cognition about the H2O intervention systems. Writers clearly conclude solutions of H2O intervention systems. I have some cognition about H2O purification before fixing this study but while composing I learned tonss of information about new H2O intervention techniques from article and mentions. This research was made in 2008, it is a technological topic because of this when research is carried out is really of import. Some current H2O intervention techniques need intensive energy and chemicals. We should better the non lone H2O intervention systems but besides monitoring, mensurating, patterning and direction systems to present safe and clean H2O to everybody. As a consequence, we need new, sustainable, environmental and cheap purification methods. Science and engineering for H2O purification in the coming decennaries by M.A. Shannon, P.W. Bohn, M. Elimelech, J.G. Giorgiadis, B.J. Marinas, A.M. Hayes, Nature 452 ( 2008 ) 301-310 A ; Atilde ;  ¶ How to cite Water Purification In The Coming Decades Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples